Get the fair value you deserve for your totaled vehicle in Maryland

Maryland regulates first-party automobile total losses through three layered authorities: the Unfair Claim Settlement Practices statute at Md. Code Ann., Ins. § 27-303, the first-party bad-faith private right of action at Md. Code Ann., Ins. §§ 27-1001 through 27-1005 (with the parallel court-action statute at Md. Code Cts. & Jud. Proc. § 3-1701), and the motor-vehicle valuation regulation at COMAR 31.15.12 ("Valuation of Motor Vehicles"). Maryland does not impose a separate licensing requirement on a policyholder's appraiser invoked under the policy's appraisal clause. Md. Code Ann., Ins. § 27-303 — Unfair Claim Settlement Practices. The statute defines specific prohibited claim-handling practices, including misrepresenting pertinent facts or policy provisions; failing to acknowledge and act with reasonable promptness on claim communications; failing to adopt and implement reasonable standards for the prompt investigation of claims; refusing to pay a claim for an arbitrary or capricious reason based on all available information; failing, on request of the insured, to provide a prompt, written explanation of the basis for denial of the claim or for the offer of a compromise settlement; failing to settle a claim promptly under one portion of a policy in order to influence settlement under other portions; and failing to act in good faith. Md. Code Ann., Ins. §§ 27-1001 through 27-1005 — First-Party Insurance Bad Faith. Effective October 1, 2007, Maryland created a statutory private right of action for first-party insurance claimants when an insurer fails to act in good faith. The remedy includes: (1) actual damages (capped at policy limits); (2) expenses and litigation costs, including reasonable attorney's fees (with attorney's fees capped at one-third of actual damages per § 27-1001(e)(4)); and (3) interest on actual damages, expenses, and litigation costs at the rate allowed under Md. Code Cts. & Jud. Proc. § 11-107(a). The procedure requires an administrative complaint to the Maryland Insurance Administration first, with appeal rights to circuit court (the parallel court-action statute is Md. Code Cts. & Jud. Proc. § 3-1701). "Failure to act in good faith" means an insurer's refusal to pay a covered claim without legitimate basis under the policy and applicable law. §§ 27-1001 and 3-1701 do not impose any exemplary or damages-multiplier component (no enhanced "additional damages" award on a clear-and-convincing standard). COMAR 31.15.12 — Valuation of Motor Vehicles. Maryland's motor-vehicle valuation regulation (part of the Unfair Trade Practices subtitle) establishes detailed standards for the investigation and settlement of first-party automobile total-loss claims. Operative provisions include duties of the insurer following determination of total loss, cash-settlement methodology (with comparable vehicles, dealer quotations, or statistically valid valuation services drawn from a reasonable geographic distance / the geographic area concerned), contents of the settlement offer, and procedures for the claimant's response and for replacement-vehicle settlements. The substantive content includes: Settlement — Total Loss. When an insurer settles a first-party automobile total-loss claim, the insurer determines the actual cash value of the vehicle using one of the following methods: (1) the cost of two or more comparable vehicles available within a reasonable geographic distance; (2) two or more dealer quotations from dealers within a reasonable geographic distance; or (3) one or more automobile valuation services that produce statistically valid fair market values for vehicles in the geographic area concerned, including all major options. Documentation. The insurer's claim file must contain the source data used to determine the actual cash value, including the comparable vehicles, dealer quotations, or valuation service output, with options, mileage, and any condition adjustments specifically itemized. Adjustments. Adjustments to actual cash value because of vehicle condition, mileage, or required repair must be: (1) measurable and discernible; (2) itemized and specified in dollar amounts; and (3) appropriate to the magnitude of the issue documented. Right of Recourse. If the insured demonstrates that they cannot purchase a comparable vehicle within a reasonable geographic distance for the offered amount, the insurer shall reopen the claim and either locate a comparable vehicle, pay the difference, or invoke the policy's appraisal clause. Md. Vehicle Law § 11-152 — Salvage Title Threshold. A vehicle for which the cost of repair to its pre-accident condition exceeds 75% of its fair market value before the loss must be branded as a salvage vehicle. The 75% threshold sets the operational total-loss decision point in Maryland. Maryland does not impose a separate licensing requirement on a policyholder's appraiser invoked under the policy's appraisal clause.

Before the 2007 codification, Maryland law did not recognize an independent first-party bad-faith tort distinct from breach-of-contract. The General Assembly responded with HB 1010 in 2007, codifying §§ 27-1001 through 27-1005 to provide a statutory remedy with actual damages (capped at policy limits), expenses and litigation costs (including reasonable attorney's fees capped at one-third of actual damages), and interest at the rate allowed under Md. Code CJP § 11-107(a). The statute deliberately runs through the MIA's administrative process first to keep insurance disputes within the Insurance Administration's specialty before they reach circuit court (the parallel court-action statute is Md. Code CJP § 3-1701). Subsequent decisions construing § 27-1001 have emphasized that "failure to act in good faith" is a fact-intensive inquiry; documented regulatory violations of COMAR 31.15.12 — particularly missing or non-itemized condition deductions, comparables outside the geographic area, or refusal to reopen the file under the right-of-recourse provision — are commonly cited as foundation for the bad-faith claim. In the auto-claim context, recent multistate class actions targeting "typical-negotiation adjustment" and similar undocumented Audatex/CCC deductions have been pleaded as both COMAR 31.15.12 regulatory violations and § 27-1001 bad-faith claims, because Maryland's documentation standards are explicit and the statutory fee-shifting remedy creates meaningful litigation exposure.