Actual Cash Value (ACV)

Fair Market Value (FMV) is the price a willing buyer would pay a willing seller for a vehicle in an open market, with both parties acting without compulsion and with reasonable knowledge of relevant facts. For total-loss claims, FMV is functionally identical to Actual Cash Value (ACV).

Comparable Sales — or 'comps' — are recent sale prices of similar vehicles used to determine the fair market value of your totaled car. Insurance valuation tools build their offer by averaging adjusted prices of comps from your local market.

An Appraisal Clause is a provision in most US auto insurance policies that lets either you or the insurer demand an independent appraisal when you disagree on the value of a totaled vehicle. When invoked, you and the insurer each select a competent independent appraiser, and typically those two appraisers will agree to a new actual cash value. In the event those two appraisers are unable to agree on a value, the two appraisers can select an Umpire to break ties. Typically, you will split the cost of the third appraiser/umpire with the insurance carrier 50/50. In the event that the two appraisers are unable to agree on an umpire, the insured or the insurance carrier can petition a court with jurisdiction to select one. This rarely happens, but the chance isn't zero. The resulting valuation from any two appraisers and/or the umpire is binding.